Research & Referencing
How to reference print sources.
Referencing a Book
Creating a References List
Print Sources
1 author/editor
Author’s Surname, Initials. (Year published). Title of book. Place published: Publisher.
e.g. Smith, A. (2009). Rock and roll history. London, England: Scholastic.
e.g. Hallinan, M. T. (Ed.). (2006). Handbook of the sociology of education. New York, NY: Springer.
In-text: (Smith, 2009) or (Hallinan, 2006)
2 authors
First Surname, Initials., & Second Surname, Initials. (Year published). Title of book. Place published: Publisher.
e.g. Bernstein, D. K., & Tiegerman, E. (1989). Language and communication disorders in children (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merill.
In-text: (Bernstein & Tiegerman, 1989)
3-5 authors
First Surname, Initials., Second Surname, Initials., & Third Surname, Initials. (Year published). Title of book. Place published: Publisher.
e.g. Ranzijn, R., McConnochie, K., & Nolan, W. (2009). Psychology and indigenous Australians: Foundations of cultural competence. South Yarra, Vic.: Palgrave MacMillan.
First in-text: (Ranzijn, McConnochie, & Nolan, 2009)
Subsequent citations: (Ranzijn et al., 2009)
6-7 authors
Similar to above.
e.g. Jones, E. E., Farina, A., Hastorf, A. H., Markus, H., Miller, D. T., & Scott, R. A. (1984). Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman.
In-text: (Jones et al., 1984)
8 or more authors
If there are eight or more authors, include the first six authors, followed by an ellipsis (. . .) then the last author’s name.
e.g. Loxey, W., Toumbourou, J. W., Stockwell, T., Haines, B., Scott, K., Godfrey, C., . . . Williams, J. (2004). The prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia: A review of the evidence. Canberra, ACT: Department of Health and Ageing.
In-text: (Loxey et al., 2004)
Author unknown
Title of book. (Year published). Place published: Publisher.
e.g. The Australian Oxford dictionary (3rd ed.). (1999). Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press.
In-text: (The Australian Oxford dictionary, 1999)
No date
Substitute ‘n.d.’ (no date) after the name of the author.
e.g. Southey, R. (n.d.). The life of Nelson. London, England: Blackie.
In-text: (Southey, n.d.)
Chapter in a Book
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In B. B. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xxx–xxx). Location: Publisher.
e.g. Thompson, S. (2008). Teaching in a virtual setting. In L. Bell & R. B. Trueman (Eds.), Virtual worlds, real libraries: Librarians and educators in Second Life and other multi-user virtual environments (pp. 165-172). Medford, NJ: Information Today.
In-text: (Thompson, 2008)
Poem
Formatting is similar to a chapter in a book.
e.g. Eliot, T. S. (1962). Macavity. In T.S. Eliot, Old Possum’s book of practical cats (pp. 41-42). London, England: Faber.
e.g. Gumilev, N. (1999). The Tram That Lost its Way. In M. Basker (Ed.), The Pillar of Fire and Selected Poems (pp. 177-179). London, England: Anvil Press. (Original work published 1921)
In-text: “Macavity” (Eliot, 1962) tells the story...
OR “He always has an alibi, and one or two to spare.” (Eliot, 1962, p. 41).
Translated Text
Author’s Surname, Initials. (Year published). Title of book (Initial and Surname of Translator, Trans.). Place published: Publisher.
e.g. Piaget, J. (1969). The psychology of the child (H. Weaver, Trans.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
In-text: (Piaget, 1969)
1 author
Author’s surname, Initials. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), pages.
e.g. Giroux, H. (2000). Public pedagogy as cultural politics: Stuart Hall and the ‘crisis’ of culture. Cultural Studies, 14(2), 341-360.
In-text: (Giroux, 2000)
2 authors
Author’s surname, Initials., & Second surname, Initials. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(Issue), pages.
e.g. Wilson, D. S., & Wilson, E. O. (2007, November 3). Survival of the selfless. New Scientist, 196(2628), 42-46.
In-text: (Wilson & Wilson, 2007)
3-5 authors
Similar to above.
e.g. Ganster, D. C., Mayes, B. T., Sime, W. E., & Tharp, G. D. (1982). Managing organizational stress: A field experiment. Applied Psychology, 67(5), 533-542.
First in-text: (Ganster, Mayes, Sime, & Tharp, 1982)
Subsequent citations: (Ganster et al., 1982)
6-7 authors
Similar to above.
e.g. Berry, N., Charmeil, C., Goujon, C., Silvy, A., Girard, P., Corcuff, C., & Montastier, C. (1999). A clinical, biometrological and ultrastructural study of xerotic skin. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 21(4), 241–252.
In-text: (Berry et al., 1999)
8 or more authors
If there are eight or more authors, include the first six authors, followed by an ellipsis (. . .) then the last author’s name.
e.g. Sohrabi, H. R., Weinborn, M., Badcock, J., Bates, K. A., Clarnette, R., Trivedi, D., ... Martins, R. N. (2011). New lexicon and criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet Neurology, 10(4), 299-300.
In-text: (Sohrabi et al., 2011)
1 author
Author’s Surname, Initials. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, pages (p.).
e.g. Catanzaro, J. (2012, February 13). Diary revelation may give Simpson his VC. The West Australian, p. 5.
In-text: (Catanzaro, 2012)
No author
Title of article. (Year, Month Day). Title of Newspaper, pages (p.).
e.g. R-movies rated as abuse. (1995, January 7). The West Australian, p. 5.
In-text: (“R-movies,” 1995)
Title of Section. Publisher. Booklet number, page number/s.
e.g. Nazi slogan on the role of women. Scotch College History Department. Booklet 10, p. 3.
In-text: (Nazi slogan on the role of women, n.d.)